Alaa Abdel-Fattah is a British-Egyptian writer, human rights defender and software developer. He was one of the leading voices and campaigners during the 25 January 2011 revolution. He has been published in numerous outlets; is well-known for founding a prominent Arabic blog aggregator; and has been involved in a number of citizen journalism initiatives. His book, You Have Not Yet Been Defeated, which compiles some of his deeply influential writings, has received widespread acclaim. 

Alaa has been arrested under every Egyptian head of state during his lifetime. He is currently in detention following an unfair trial on spurious charges that relate to his human rights advocacy. On 2 April 2022, Alaa embarked on an open-ended hunger strike as a last bid for freedom. After more than 200 days of partial hunger strike, Alaa announced that, as of 1 November 2022, he is stopping his previous 100-calorie intake and moving to a full hunger strike. Alaa also decided that on 6 November 2022, coinciding with the beginning of COP27 in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, he will start a water strike. This means that if he is not released, Alaa will die before the end of COP27. 

“If one wished for death then a hunger strike would not be a struggle. If one were only holding onto life out of instinct then what’s the point of a strike? If you’re postponing death only out of shame at your mother’s tears then you’re decreasing the chances of victory….I’ve taken a decision to escalate at a time I see as fitting for my struggle for my freedom and the freedom of prisoners of a conflict they’ve no part in, or they’re trying to exit from; for the victims of a regime that’s unable to handle its crises except with oppression, unable to reproduce itself except through incarceration” - Alaa wrote in a letter to his family announcing escalation of his hunger strike. 

On 31 October 2022, the United Nations (UN) Special Rapporteur on human rights and the environment said, “In advance of COP27, I am joining the chorus of global voices calling for the immediate release of Alaa Abd el-Fattah, an Egyptian activist who has languished in jail for years merely for voicing his opinion. Freedom of speech is a prerequisite for climate justice!”

We, the undersigned organisations and groups:

1. Call on the Egyptian authorities to immediately release Alaa Abdel Fattah and all those arrested and detained solely for exercising their rights

2. Call on the British authorities to intervene to secure the release of their fellow citizen Alaa Abdel Fattah so that he be allowed to travel to the UK, as his health is deteriorating to a critical and life-threatening point

3. Call on the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights to publicly reiterate its call on Egypt to immediately release Alaa Abdel-Fattah, Mohamed el-Baqer, and all those arrested and detained solely for exercising their rights

4. Call on UN Special Procedures to publicly reiterate their call on Egypt to immediately release Alaa Abdel-Fattah, Mohamed el-Baqer and Mohamed “Oxygen” Ibrahim Radwan and all those arrested and detained solely for exercising their rights

5. Call on all government leaders and business leaders going to COP27 to use all possible leverage and urge the Egyptian authorities to immediately release Alaa Abdel Fattah and all those arrested and detained solely for exercising their rights

6. Call on civil society organisations, groups and activists going to COP27 to urge the Egyptian authorities to immediately release Alaa Abdel Fattah and all those arrested and detained solely for exercising their rights

Signatories (updated on a rolling basis):

1. Aberdeen Climate Action

2. Access Now

3. Addameer Prisoner Support and Human Rights Association

4. African Earth Farms

5. ALQST for Human Rights

6. Amazon Watch

7. Americans for Democracy & Human Rights in Bahrain

8. Amnesty International

9. Arab Resource & Organizing Center (AROC)

10. Asia Pacific Network of Environment Defenders (APNED)

11. Bahrain Institute for Rights and Democracy (BIRD)

12. Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies

13. Campaign against Climate Change

14. Center for Environment/FoE Bosnia and Herzegovina

15. CIVICUS: World Alliance for Citizen Participation

16. Committee for Justice

17. Commonwealth Youth Peace Advocates Network Kenya

18. Community Transformation Foundation Network (COTFONE)

19. Consumers Association of Penang (Malaysia)

20. Debt for Climate South Africa

21. DIGNITY - Danish Institute Against Torture

22. Egyptian Front for Human Rights (EFHR)

23. Egyptian Human Rights Forum (EHRF)

24. Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights (EIPR)

25. EgyptWide for Human Rights

26. El Nadim Center

27. English PEN

28. EuroMed Rights

29. Extinction Rebellion Oxford

30. FIDH (International Federation for Human Rights), within the framework of the Observatory for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders

31. Friends of the Earth Malta

32. Friends of the Earth Scotland

33. Gulf Centre for Human Rights (GCHR)

34. Hijas de Alkebulan

35. Human Rights Watch

36. HuMENA for Human Rights and Civic Engagement

37. International Service for Human Rights (ISHR)

38. International Women's Rights Action Watch Asia Pacific

39. Intersection Association for Rights and Freedoms

40. MARBE SA

41. MENA Rights Group

42. National Lawyers Guild International Committee

43. National Lawyers Guild San Francisco Bay Area Chapter

44. PEN America

45. PEN International

46. People in Need

47. Project on Middle East Democracy (POMED)

48. Refugees Platform in Egypt ( RPE )

49. Rising Clyde

50. Sinai Foundation for Human Rights (SFHR)

51. Syrian Center for Media and Freedom of Expression (SCM)

52.  Syrian Network for Human Rights (SNHR)

53. The Center for International Policy

54. The Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ)

55. The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy (TIMEP)

56. Vigilance for Democracy and the Civic State

57. War on Want

58. West African Human Rights Defenders' Network/Réseau Ouest Africain des Défenseurs des Droits Humains (WAHRDN/ROADDH)

59. WHRDMENA Coalition

60. WomanHealth Philippines

61. World Organisation Against Torture, within the framework of the Observatory for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders

62. Yorkshire and Humber Climate Justice Coalition

63. CRAN (Carrefour de réflexion et d'actions contre le racisme anti-Noir-e) - Observatoire du racisme anti-Noir-e

64. Unite Scotland

65. Bisan Center for Research and Development

66. Freedom House

Background information: On 29 September 2019, Alaa Abdel Fattah was arrested while fulfilling his probation requirements at El-Dokki Police Station. He was questioned before the Supreme State Security Prosecution (SSSP) on charges of joining an illegal organisation, receiving foreign funding, spreading false news, and misusing social media; he was then ordered into pretrial detention pending case no. 1356 of 2019. On the same day, Alaa’s lawyer Mohamed el-Baqer attended Alaa’s interrogation and was similarly arrested, questioned before the SSSP, and ordered into pretrial detention pending the same case and arbitrary charges. During their pretrial detention Alaa Abdel Fattah and Mohamed el-Baqer were arbitrarily added to Egypt’s terrorist list in relation to a separate case (no. 1781 of 2019), for which they have never been questioned or given the right to defend themselves. As a result of this designation, they face a travel ban, asset freeze, and for el-Baqer, potential disbarment as a lawyer. On 20 December 2021, following an unfair trial before a State security emergency court, in which they were denied their right to due process (defense lawyers were denied the right to present a defense on behalf of their clients, and denied permission to copy the case files), Abdel Fattah was sentenced to five years in prison, and el-Baqer and blogger Mohamed “Oxygen” Ibrahim Radwan to four years in prison on charges of “spreading false news”. Verdicts from such courts cannot be appealed. The time they spent in pretrial detention pending the original case ( No. 1356 of 2019) will not count as time served toward the December 2021 prison sentences, and the verdict is final since it has subsequently been ratified by President Al-Sisi. Further details here. 

Preparations for COP27 are taking place against the backdrop of an ongoing and deep-rooted human rights crisis in Egypt. The Egyptian authorities have for years employed draconian laws, including laws on counter terrorism, cyber crimes, and civil society, to stifle all forms of peaceful dissent and shut down civic space. Under the current government of President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, thousands continue to be arbitrarily detained without a legal basis, following grossly unfair trials, or solely for peacefully exercising their human rights. Thousands are held in prolonged pre-trial detention on the basis of spurious terrorism and national security accusations. Among those arbitrarily detained are dozens of journalists targeted for their media work, social media users punished for sharing critical online content, women convicted on morality-related charges for making Tik Tok videos, and members of religious minorities accused of blasphemy. Prisoners are held in detention conditions that violate the absolute prohibition of torture and other ill-treatment, and since President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi came to power hundreds have died in custody amid reports of denial of healthcare and other abuses. Egypt remains one of the world’s top executioners, executing 107 people in 2020 and 83 in 2021, with at least 356 people sentenced to death in 2021, many following grossly unfair trials including by emergency courts. The crisis of impunity has emboldened Egyptian security forces to carry out extra-judicial executions and other unlawful killings, enforced disappearances and torture with no fear of consequences.